Altruism and Helping Culture Psychology Public and Social Policy 
iMarketSmart
JULY 24, 2023
For example, it can enhance public reputation. More precisely, it’s a pro-social code.[3] 3] Pro-social actions benefit the group. This gift may be simply an individual helpful act. But it can help the group in another way. It can support a shared pro-social code.[4] 1] But fundraising can do more.
iMarketSmart
MAY 8, 2023
In a scale, it might look like this: Helpful reciprocity Loved one (lover, spouse, close family) Friend Teammate Colleague Neighbor Community member Transactional reciprocity Customer Merchant Stranger Harmful reciprocity Competitor Enemy Relationship signals are reciprocity signals. It’s saying, “We’re not here to help you!”
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